Apr 19, 2016

This milk of human unkindness

When it comes to milk, we have both a good and a really bad track record in our country. India ranks number One in the world for milk production. It contributes about 18 per cent of the world’s milk production. Milk production is to the tune of about 146 million tonnes in the country. Of course, this is a huge quantity.
But there is also something to ponder about. It is feared that over 60 per cent of the milk is contaminated due to malpractices in the milk supply chain which includes dilution with unsafe water and mixing of hazardous chemicals. Milk is adulterated with contaminants such as urea, various kinds of salt, detergent, liquid soap, boric acid, caustic soda and hydrogen peroxide which have hazardous health effects. These are the claims and candid admissions of the government of India.
India being one of the largest milk producers in the world, this is a matter of serious concern. It has to be tackled sooner rather than later, as it is causing serious health problems to the people of the country. The immediate effect of drinking adulterated milk containing urea, caustic soda and formalin is gastroenteritis, but the long-term effects are far more serious and include liver and kidney failure and cancer.
Let’s understand what is adulteration. As per Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), milk adulteration is the “act of deliberately reducing the quality of milk offered for sale to the consumers for profit.” And yes, adulteration can take place during the harvest, growth, storage, transport and finally at the distribution stage.
FSSAI recently conducted a survey in 33 states and union territories and found that 68.4 per cent of 1,791 milk samples were contaminated. In urban India, nearly 70 per cent of samples were found to be contaminated, compared with 31 per cent in rural areas. The survey said that only two states - Goa and Puducherry - sold unadulterated milk or at least samples taken from these two states were not contaminated.
At the other end were West Bengal, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa and Mizoram, where not a single sample that was tested met FSSAI norms. Other prominent states fared just a shade better. Around 89 per cent of the samples tested from Gujarat, 83 per cent from Jammu & Kashmir, 81 per cent from Punjab, 76 per cent from Rajasthan, 70 per cent from Delhi and Haryana and 65 per cent from Maharashtra failed the test.
Around half the samples from Madhya Pradesh (48 per cent) met a similar fate. States with comparatively better results included Kerala where 28 per cent of samples did not conform to FSSAI standards, Karnataka (22 per cent), Tamil Nadu (12 per cent) and Andhra Pradesh (6.7 per cent).
Keeping these grim facts in mind, what is the big deal if we are the world’s largest producer of milk, thanks to the white revolution. For a layman to differentiate between contaminated and pure milk is a tall order and only specific chemical tests can reveal the truth. As mentioned earlier, water is the most common adulterant in milk. It reduces the nutritional value of milk but if the water used for adulteration is not safe, it is going to make our citizen permanently ill.
This only confirms that food adulteration is common in India. Even milk, consumed primarily by children, isn’t spared. It is shocking to say the least. What’s particularly worrying is the kind of substances used to adulterate, including toxic chemicals. This shows that the tradeoff between the risk of getting caught and the reward of huge profits is skewed heavily in favour of the latter. The government must focus on raising the risks to the adulterator. One way of doing this is by hiking the penalty, including making it analogous to attempt to murder in extreme cases. It’s equally important to regularly check foodstuff for adulteration and ensure speedy trials.
When people die due to tainted milk, counterfeit products or negligently compounded drugs, we need to recognize this as cold blooded murder or at least abetment to murder. In recent years, China has gained worldwide appreciation for its particularly strong stance against individuals who intentionally and willfully violated its food and drug laws for personal profits. China executes those who are found to be involved in tainting milk. While we may not be able to follow China, those involved in adulterating milk surely merit long jail sentences.
As the situation is rather serious, the government in power seems to be working overtime to address the issue. In this backdrop, Dr. Harsh Vardhan, Minister for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences has recently dedicated Systems for Detection of Adulteration and Analysis of Milk. It is developed by Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani. This technology is expected to tackle a national level health hazard due to adulteration in milk.
Dr Harsh Vardhan said that he will soon be reaching out to the Union Health Minister and the Health Ministers of all state governments to adopt and deploy this technology platform to address the problem of milk adulteration in the country. FSSAI will also be asked to bring in the required regulatory intervention so as to ensure the delivery of quality milk.
I feel that CSIR has done yeoman service in developing a technology solution, in the form of a milk analysis machine ‘Ksheer-Scanner’, which instantaneously detects adulterants in milk. It is a low-cost portable system with user-friendly features. It enables detection of contaminants in just 40-45 seconds at a per sample cost of less than 50 paise. A top official of CSIR was recently telling me that among the many benefits of ‘Ksheer Scanner is that the system offers automated scanning of raw milk samples at milk collection points. It is safe to use and ideal for installation at milk collection centers at village and tehsil levels. The system can also be useful for on-the-spot milk testing by food inspectors and by users and packers of the milk. The system has been successfully tested at various dairies located in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
One only hopes that that this technology would go a long way towards breaking the back of all those who are playing with the lives of people. Additionally GPS-based technology can be used to track the exact location in the supply chain where the milk was tampered with.
At the end of the day, one thing is clear. India needs to wake up to the seriousness of tainted milk. Otherwise, our daily glass of good health could actually be doing us more harm than good.
The writer is a BJP Member of the Rajya Sabha.

Things you should know about Expiry Date and Best Before Date

Many times when we buy any food items , we end up buying those which have crossed their expiry date. These dates are important since they indicate how long food can be kept before it begins to deteriorate or may become unsafe to eat. However, there is often a confusion between best before date, expiry date and use by date that appear in the label. So what is the difference?
Best Before and Expiry Date are two labels, which are used for the shelf life of a product, mostly a food product. Consumers should look for the shelf life of that product as these indicate the time till which the product can be eaten safely. Checking the expiry date or the best before date is a must when buying food products.
However, manufacturing dates help us in choosing a freshly manufactured product – which implies that the manufactured date should be a date closer to the date you are shopping. Expiry date and best before dates should always be in the future by the time you shop if you want to consume a good food product.
What does Best Before mean?
The best before date indicates the date till which the food will be at its best quality in terms of its taste and the nutrients it provides, and the food may still be eaten after the date has passed, but it’s quality may have begun to degrade. The foods mostly sold in the tinned or packed form usually bear this date. For example, in US for eggs have a best before date of maximum 45 days after the eggs are packed. This is because eggs may contain salmonella (salmonella is a type of bacteria). The best before date usually appears on the label of a product. Sometimes, we see a text that say ‘best before see lid’ or ‘best before see bottom’. It is always advisable to check the dates and take decision.
What does Expiry Date mean?
Expiry date means the date till which the food or some product sold in peripheral package is completely safe to eat but unlike Best Before date, the product is not safe to eat after the expiry date. Once the expiry date is reached, the food becomes unhealthy for consumption and could instead result in health problems such as food poisoning. It is strictly advised to avoid eating products which are nearing their expiry date and especially products that have reached the expiry date.
In short, Best Before Date is an indication of quality, while Expiry Date indicates the safety of the food item to be consumed.

Recent regulatory and policy decisions by FSSAI in focus at PFNDAI seminar

FSSAI’s recent announcements and policy decisions regarding regulations were discussed and debated in detail at a regulatory compliance meet - Seminar on Regulatory Practices: Difficulties in Compliance - organised by PFNDAI (Protein Foods and Nutrition Development Association of India) here on Monday.
The pre-lunch session of the seminar kicked off with the inaugural address by Sailesh Venkatesan, VC, PFNDAI. He briefed on significance of regulatory practices and explained how last year, the food processing industry experienced a setback.
He was followed by Dr B Sesikeran, former director, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad. He opined, "The regulatory errors by the regulator while conducting tests and also while framing laws should be formulated and rectified and connected with the nutrition that is derived from the food or beverage that is tested. There is also need for more literature and studies which can help regulator to frame policies."
A presentation on 'Rule Making Process’ by Dr Joseph Lewis, consultant, FSSAI, and Dr V Sudershan Rao from National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, highlighted the need to emphasise on good regulatory practices. Lewis said, "Today, we have good manufacturing practices (GMP) but no one speaks about good regulatory practices (GRP). To ensure smooth working, every FBO should comply with the laws."
He added, "Besides, we also need to take into consideration that there are certain confusing laws with regards to FBOs, particularly those in labelling. As per our existing Act, laws regarding what a label should mention when an FBO is dealing with consumers is given clearly. While on the other side, in the B2B space when an FBO is dealing with another FBO on a wholesale front -- to reach its labelling requirements that a B2B activity requires, there are exemptions given in the 'FBO to consumer chapter' that has to be followed."
Lewis suggested, "There have to be two separate chapters which clearly state FBO to FBO and FBO to consumers labelling requirements which can avoid confusion."
Later, while speaking on risk assessment and its use in framing laws, especially for framing and determining limits, Dr Rao pointed out, "Risk assessment will be helpful to determine tolerance levels or permissible limits to the contaminants, micro and macro nutrients, residues and others. Studies in this regard will be helpful to determine permissible limits."
Speaking on nutrients and total diet studies for nutrients, he said, "If you consider diet which we have today, we see that cereals are vanishing from our meals and also millets are almost out of our diets. Fat in the meals can be seen growing."
He added, "A total diet study which will be helpful for the industry is stalled due to the unavailability of funds. It needs Rs 80 crore."
At the end, Dr Lewis said, "In the earlier law when PFA was in practice, before every meeting they held they came up with an agenda and circulated to its members and made the details of the meeting public making it more transparent."
He further stated, "The regulator should involve the industry stakeholder in the law making process before it is drafted and prepared. It is very difficult once a draft of law is framed to change it."
The next slot was dedicated to a discussion on 'Analysis and reports: failure and risk.' Dr Nilesh Amritkar, MD, Envirocare Labs, said, "There are several grey areas in the law, like which tests should be conducted, through which method is not clearly specified. Sometimes it happens to be like due to lack of communication from the regulator, several FBOs insist on tests which actually aren't prescribed by the FSSAI."
While ending the session, Sunil Adsule from Coca Cola gave a small presentation on 'Role of processed foods and beverages in national food nutrition and security.' He shared, "We are a processed food manufacturer, we are not manufacturing to put anyone into a problem. Last year, was a bad year for processed food industry as it incurred more than Rs 2,000 crore loss. We are also concerned about our consumers to provide safe food."
The post-lunch session focussed on issues and interpretations that the industry faced, especially, in the last year. This session opened with V Mohan, advisor, corporate lawyer and consultant. He said, "Several judgements by courts have relieved the industry like those of Nestle's Maggi which is all clear now. The major confusion in the law written is 'may' and 'shall.' Then there are certain documents which give space to create tension and friction between the laws which are in place. They should not clash with each other."
Later Dr Shatadru Sengupta, senior director, legal, Hardcastle Restaurants Pvt. Ltd, said, "With regards to FSSAI laws, which are in place, there is a need to create a definite law structure. The points which are prescribed in the FSS Act on misbranding and misleading have to be revised and are subject to be studied again. Some claims like a product not containing trans fat should be allowed."
Sengupta was followed by Dr Jasvir Singh, associate VP, head, scientific affairs, regulatory affairs, Mondelez International, who stressed on proprietary foods and recent advances. He said, "We have proprietary foods and the primary concern is that if at any level, a proprietary food is detected with impurities or adulterants then all the responsibility will have to be taken by the manufacturer. This clause will reflect badly on the FBO as it may be that the FBO has no hand in such an activity."
Singh added, "There is a need to develop a framework which will be applicable to all products like labelling or manufacturing. Vertical standards are moving away from standards being framed globally. Yes, vertical standards have importance but to a defined set of laws only."
In the end, Sandhya Shrivastav, associate professor, department of microbiology, University of Mumbai, gave a presentation on bacterial identification and standardisation to help in regulating smoothly. "Studies can help up to generate data on the bacterias which are of concern. Nobody has studied bacterias like salmonella which has reflected on the fate of processed foods today. Such bacterias have to be studied and hazard levels regarding the same will help to regulate easy."
Overall, the seminar stressed on regulatory issues at the regulator’s as well as FBO’s level. It discussed the awareness among FBOs, and focussed on labelling requirements for export and import.

DINAMALAR NEWS


DINAMANI ARTICLE


DINAKARAN NEWS



DINAMALAR NEWS